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List of Calcium AKG research papers

This page includes a comprehensive list of research papers, clinical trials and more that detail the benefits of CA-AKG supplements discovered to date. For easier reading and understanding, findings have been summarized in greater detail for you.

No.	Product	Date	Focus	Study Title	Link
01	Calcium AKG	30/11/2021	Epigenetic age	Rejuvant®, a potential life extending compound formulation with alpha ketoglutarate and vitamins, conferred an average 8 year reduction in biological aging, after an average of 7 months of use, in the TruAge DNA methylation test	View Paper
02	Calcium AKG	01/03/2007	Bone Health	Alpha-ketoglutarate decreases serum levels of C terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) in postmenopausal women with osteopenia: six month study	View Paper
03	Calcium AKG	15/01/2025	Anti-Aging	Does Alpha-Ketoglutarate Supplementation Lower Biological agE in Middle-Aged Adults?	View Paper
04	Calcium AKG	04/05/1995	Cardiovascular health	Addition of alpha-ketoglutarate to blood cardioplegia improves cardioprotection	View Paper
05	Calcium AKG	01/09/1995	Muscle Health	Glutamine and α-Ketoglutarate Prevent the Decrease in Muscle Free Glutamine Concentration and Influence Protein Synthesis After Total Hip Replacement	View Paper
06	Calcium AKG	01/02/1998	Endocrine Health	Randomized crossover study comparing the phosphate-binding efficacy of calcium ketoglutarate versus calcium carbonate in patients on chronic hemodialysis	View Paper
07	Calcium AKG	01/01/1996	Amino Acid Metabolism	α-Ketoglutarate Application in Hemodialysis Patients Improves Amino Acid Metabolism	View Paper
08	Calcium AKG	01/02/2022	Potential therapeutic application in treatment of age-related diseases	Alpha-Ketoglutarate dietary supplementation to improve health in humans	View Paper
09	Calcium AKG	01/09/2020	Prolongation of lifespan	Alpha-Ketoglutarate, an Endogenous Metabolite, Extends Lifespan and Compresses Morbidity in Aging Mice	View Paper
10	Calcium AKG	01/06/2020	Liver Health	The metabolite, alpha-ketoglutarate inhibits non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression by targeting lipid metabolism	View Paper

Above is a comprehensive list of research & clinical trials conducted to date.

Details of each study, including focus, study subjects, dosage, date & results or findings

Paper #01 -Rejuvant®, a potential life extending compound formulation with alpha ketoglutarate and vitamins, conferred an average 8 year reduction in biological aging, after an average of 7 months of use, in the TruAge DNA methylation test

Summary: Ca-AKG supplementation in 42 individuals for 7 months resulted in a substantial reduction in biological aging of 8 years, and may be a promising candidate for human aging modulation.

Publication Date: 30 November 2021

Focus: Epigenetic age

Study Subjects: 42 self-reported healthy individuals (14 females and 28 males)

Dosage: 1g Ca-AKG (with Vitamins), taken orally for 7 months

Results/Findings: The study found a significant reduction in bioloigcal age among subjects who took Ca-AKG supplementation, with a mean decrease of approximately 8 years. The effectiveness of Ca-AKG supplementation was consistent across participants, and the data suggests that it may have additional benefits for those who are older both chronologically and biologically, possibly due to observed methylation changes.

Paper #02 -Alpha-ketoglutarate decreases serum levels of C terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) in postmenopausal women with osteopenia: six month study

Summary: AKG-Ca may help preserve bone mass in the lumbar spine of women with lower bone density after menopause, but more research is needed to confirm its long-term effectiveness.

Publication Date: 1 March 2007

Focus: Bone Health

Study Subjects: 76 women aged 45-65 years who were postmenopausal and had osteopenia

Dosage: 6g AKG and 1.68g Calcium, taken daily for 6 months

Results/Findings: AKG-Ca had a positive effect on CTX levels, but not on osteocalcin serum levels. The difference in bone density between the AKG-Ca group and Ca group was not considered significant, despite the 1.6% increase in bone mineral density in the AKG-Ca group.

Paper #03 -Does Alpha-Ketoglutarate Supplementation Lower Biological agE in Middle-Aged Adults?

Summary: The study aims to determine if AKG can slow down aging in middle-aged adults in Singapore, by studying the long-term effects of taking 1g AKG.

Publication Date: 15 January 2025

Focus: Anti-Aging

Study Subjects: Recruiting (middle-aged adults in Singapore)

Dosage: 1g AKG, taken daily for 6 months

Results/Findings: N.A.

Paper #04 -Addition of alpha-ketoglutarate to blood cardioplegia improves cardioprotection

Summary: With the use of AKG during blood cardioplegia may reduce metabolic abnormalities and subsequently help to improve myocardial protection in patients undergoing coronary operations. This may be linked to enhanced oxidation.

Publication Date: 4 May 1995

Focus: Cardiovascular health

Study Subjects: 24 men aged 46 to 78 years diagnosed with symptomati three-vessel coronary artery disease

Dosage: 28g AKG via blood cardioplegia

Results/Findings: Persistent lactate release during reperfusion indicates a delayed recovery of normal aerobic metabolism, which can cause depressed heart muscle function. Almost half of the patients who received AKG treatment showed no further release of myocardial lactate after 30 minutes of reperfusion, while all of the control patients still had lactate release.

Paper #05 -Glutamine and α-Ketoglutarate Prevent the Decrease in Muscle Free Glutamine Concentration and Influence Protein Synthesis After Total Hip Replacement

Summary: Glutamine and α-Ketoglutarate can help prevent the reduction of amino acids in muscle tissue after surgery that limits glucose intake, which is important for patient recovery.

Publication Date: 1 September 1995

Focus: Muscle Health

Study Subjects: 33 patients scheduled for elective total hip replacement from advanced osteoarthritis

Dosage: Received one of the three doses (2g glucose/kg body weight. 2g glucose/kg body weight with 0.28g glutamine/kg body weight, or 2g glucose/kg body weight with 0.28g α-ketoglutarate/kg body weight) by transfusion

Results/Findings: The control group experienced a decrease in protein synthesis as shown by lower glutamine and ribosome concentrations, while the group that received α-Ketoglutarate/glutamine did not have these changes. However, polyribosome concentration decreased significantly in both groups that did and did not receive α-Ketoglutarate/glutamine.

Paper #06 -Randomized crossover study comparing the phosphate-binding efficacy of calcium ketoglutarate versus calcium carbonate in patients on chronic hemodialysis

Summary: Calcium ketoglutarate might be a safe and effective substitute for aluminium-containing phosphate binders in hemodialysis patients who cannot tolerate calcium carbonate or acetate due to high calcium levels.

Publication Date: 1 February 1998

Focus: Endocrine Health

Study Subjects: 19 patients (12 men, 7 women) aged between 25 and 80 years receiving hemodialysis treatment for 3 to 96 months

Dosage: 1.5g AKG and 0.3g Ca/day for 12 weeks

Results/Findings: After 12 weeks of treatment, patients taking calcium ketoglutarate had lower levels of ionized calcium compared to those taking calcium carbonate, but phosphate and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were similar. Patients on calcium ketoglutarate did not need additional supplements, but some discontinued due to side effects, mostly in those with pre-existing stomach issues or prior use of cimetidine/omeprazole.

Paper #07 -α-Ketoglutarate Application in Hemodialysis Patients Improves Amino Acid Metabolism

Summary: The co-administration of α-Ketoglutarate with calcium carbonate in hemodialysis patients results in improved amino acid metabolism by reducing elevated levels of phosphorus in their bloodstream.

Publication Date: 1 January 1996

Focus: Amino Acid Metabolism

Study Subjects: 24 patients (10 male, 14 female) aged between 21 and 79, diagnosed with chronic renal failure

Dosage: Ca-AKG administration for 1 year

Results/Findings: Treatment of α-Ketoglutarate and calcium carbonate in hemodialysis patients reduces blood urea levels and increases specific amino acids and α-Ketoacids, including α-ketoisocaproate, which regulates protein metabolism.

Paper #08 -Alpha-Ketoglutarate dietary supplementation to improve health in humans

Summary: AKG has the potential to modulate the aging process in humans, suggesting that it may be able to promote healthy longevity and extend healthspan in humans.

Publication Date: 1 February 2022

Focus: Potential therapeutic application in treatment of age-related diseases

Study Subjects: Humans

Dosage: AKG

Results/Findings: AKG has various functions, including as an antioxidant, helping to balance nitrogen and ammonia levels, and regulating epigenetics and immune responses. These functions make AKG beneficial for treating various diseases in organs such as the heart, brain, liver, and skeletal muscle.

Paper #09 -Alpha-Ketoglutarate, an Endogenous Metabolite, Extends Lifespan and Compresses Morbidity in Aging Mice

Summary: Ca-AKG supplementation can lead to a longer and healthier life in mice by reducing inflammation and increasing the production of IL-10, whichsuppresses chronic inflammation. This results in less time spent being frail and unwell.

Publication Date: 1 September 2020

Focus: Prolongation of lifespan

Study Subjects: C57BL/6 mice

Dosage: 2% Ca-AKG for 3,6 months and till death

Results/Findings: Ca-AKG supplementation can extend the lifespan of middle-aged female mice, while AKG supplementation extends the healthspan of both male and female mice with less frailty towards the end. AKG achieves this by reducing inflammation and increasing the production of IL-10 in T-cells of female mice.

Paper #10 -The metabolite, alpha-ketoglutarate inhibits non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression by targeting lipid metabolism

Summary: The study shows that AKG has the potential to be used as a dietary supplement to prevent non-alcoholic liver disease in obese patients.

Publication Date: 1 June 2020

Focus: Liver Health

Study Subjects: Eight-week-old male and female C57BL/6 mice

Dosage: 1% AKG daily for 12 weeks

Results/Findings: Dietary supplementation of AKG could prevent weight gain in male and female mice fed with normal or high-fat diet, and also inhibit the progression of fatty liver in male mice with high-fat diet. The protective effects of AKG on the liver may be linked to its impact on lipid metabolism, and a certain type of protein called peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors